THANKS

[J.E. Shields]

I don't know what is in freeze-resistant Arisaema tubers, but some of the
bulbs convert starch into glucose as cold weather approaches.  The glucose
acts in the same way that glycerol does, lowering the freezing point of the
water in the cells.

Jim Shields

At 10:13 AM 10/9/2003 -0500, you wrote:
>I'm not certain sure about the glycerine in the tissues.  I assumed that
>since it is the device by which many plants do not freeze in the winter, and
>assumed that it was true for Symplocarpus also.  Thanks for catching this.
>Adam
>

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Jim Shields             USDA Zone 5             Shields Gardens, Ltd.
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